I. Giải thích ngữ pháp:
* Cấu trúc câu đơn giản trong tiếng Anh là S (chủ ngữ) + V (động từ) + O (tân ngữ), chúng ta dùng đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ cho chủ ngữ của câu, đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ cho tân ngữ của câu.
Ví dụ:
She (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ) gives (động từ) me (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ) a new bicycle.
* Chúng ta sử dụng tính tính sở hữu trước danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ.
Ví dụ:
Her house: nhà của cô ấy
Their dog: con chó của họ
* Để tránh lặp lại từ trong câu, chúng ta sử dụng đại từ sở hữu.
Ví dụ:
Thay vì nói: Her house is bigger than my house.
Có thể nói: Here house is bigger than mine.
Như vậy mine là đại từ sở hữu thay thế cho cụm từ my house để tránh lặp lại từ house trong câu.
Dưới đây là bảng đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ, đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu và đại từ sở hữu các em học sinh cần ghi nhớ:
* Chúng ta sử dụng 's để diễn tả sự sở hữu.
Ví dụ:
Mary's schoolbag: cặp sách của Mary
The cat's tails: cái đuôi của con mèo
Lưu ý: nếu đối tượng sở hữu là danh từ số nhiều có chữ cái cuối cùng là s thì chúng ta chỉ thêm ' ngay sau chữ s chứ không đùng 's.
Ví dụ:
The boys' balls: Những quả bóng của những cậu bé.
The dogs' toys: Đồ chơi của những chú chó
Nếu đối tựng sở hữu là danh từ số nhiều bất quy tắc không có chữ cái cuối cùng là s thì chúng ta sử dụng 's như thông thường.
Ví dụ:
Men's hats: Những cái mũ của những người đàn ông
Children's kites: Những con diều của những đứa trẻ
II. Luyện tập:
Bài 1: Thay thế danh từ trong ngoặc với một đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ
1. ________ is dreaming. (George)
2. ________ is green. (the blackboard)
3. ________ are on the wall. (the posters)
4. ________ is running. (the dog)
5. ________ are watching TV. (my mother and I)
6 .________ are in the garden. (the flowers)
7. ________ is riding his bike. (Tom)
8. ________ is from Bristol.(Liza)
9. ________ has got a brother. (Diana)
10. Have________ got a computer, (Mandy)?
11. (My cousin and her friend) ________ are at the mall.
12. (Peter) ________ is funny.
13. Does (your sister) ________ know what happened?
14. (The door) ________ is locked.
15. (My friend Mary and I) ________ are going on a trip.
16. (My cats) ________ are hungry.
17. (Mr. Jones) ________ is a good teacher.
18. (My brother and I) ________ live together.
19. Where are you from? - ________ am from Germany.
Đáp án:
1 - he, 2 - It, 3 - They, 4 - It, 5 - We, 6 - They, 7 - He, 8 - She, 9 - She, 10 - You
11 - they, 12 - he, 13 - she, 14 - It, 15 - We, 16 - They, 17 - He, 18 - we, 19 - I
Bài 2: Chọn một đại từ nhân xưng trong ngoặc để hoàn thành những câu sau.
1. _____ am in the yellow bus. (We/ He, I)
2. _____ are at the football match. (I, It, We)
3. _____ are ten and eleven years old. (They, He, You)
4. _____ is in my mum's cupboard. (They, You, It)
5. _____ am a good football player. (He, I, It)
6. _____ is a nice girl. (You, She, They)
7. _____ is afraid of mice. (We, He, They)
8. _____ is a wonderful movie. (It, I, They)
9. _____ are standing on my foot! (She, They, You)
10. _____ am hungry and thirsty. (I, He, They)
11. _____ is very hot today. (It, We, I)
12. _____ are in the restaurant. (We, She, He)
13. _____ is too fat to play tennis. (I, He, They)
14. Is _____ in front of the school? (She, I, They)
15. _____ is in the red box. (We, You, It)
16. Are _____ a good swimmer? (They, He, You)
17. _____ are not in a department store. (It, They, I)
18. _____ are the best reader in the class. (They, I, You)
19. _____ is a very small village. (He, It, They)
20. _____ are in the building. (I, They, He)
Đáp án:
1 - I, 2 - We, 3 - They, 4 - It, 5 - I, 6 - She, 7 - He, 8 - It, 9 - You, 10 - I, 11 - It, 12 - We, 13 - He
14 - She, 15 - It, 16 - You, 17 - They, 18 - You, 19 - It, 20 - They
Bài 3: Chọn một trong những đại từ nhân xưng (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) điền vào chỗ trống trong câu dưới đây.
1. How old are ______ Sara?
2. Tom and Tim are twins. ______ are both twelve.
3. My name is Kate. ______ am a student.
4. Peters and I are friends. ______ like football and tennis.
5. Mike is from England. ______ like Maths.
6. ______ is the number five bus.
7. That’s Mike’s brother. ______ works in a supermarket.
8. What’s your city like? ______ is small but quiet.
9. My mum’s name is Wendy. ______ is a nurse.
10. My parents aren’t at home. ______ are at work.
Đáp án:
1 - you, 2 - They, 3 - I, 4 - We, 5 - He, 6 - It, 7 - He, 8 - It, 9 - She, 10 - They
Bài 4: Hoàn thành những câu sau có sử dụng đại từ tân ngữ.
1. I need Sara’s mail address. I want to invite ______ to the party.
2. Is this your mobile phone? Can I look at ______.
3. Tom and Paul are my friends. I meet ______ every day.
4. Give ______ my calculator. I need ______.
5. My brother and I are cleaning the house. Mum is helping ______.
6. Follow______, please. I will show ______ the way to the post office.
7. We want to call you. Give ______ your phone number.
8. My parents are still at work. We are waiting for ______.
9. Hurry up, my friends! We are waiting for ______.
10. Is your father here? I want to talk to ______.
11. Come with me. I want to show ______ my photo album.
12. My mother sometimes helps ______ with my homework. She is a teacher.
13. Where are my keys? I can’t find ______.
14. Linda lives in my neighborhood. I know ______ very well.
Đáp án:
1. her, 2 - it, 3 - them, 4 - me/ it, 5 - us, 6 - me/ you, 7 - us, 8 - them, 9 - you, 10 - him, 11 - you, 12 - me, 13 - them, 14 - her.
Bài 5: Chọn một trong những đại từ tân ngữ “me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them” điền vào ô trống mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. John can't do his homework. Can you help ______ ?
2. We don't know the way to the church. Can you help ______?
3. I can't find my books. Can you see ______?
4. John, can you come to ______?
5. This pen is for Mary. Give it to ______.
6. I need help. Please, help______ .
7. The boys are playing football. Give ______ the ball.
8. We are hungry. Bring ______ the sandwiches, please.
9. I cannot help ______, Betty. I have other work to do.
10. My friend Susan lives in London. This is a postcard from ______.
11. The children are thirsty. Give ______ a glass of water.
12. My parents are very nice. They always help ______ with my homework.
13. My friend Tom lives in London. This is a parcel from ______ .
14. I'm sorry, I can't tell ______what happened.
15. The children are hungry. Give ______ an apple.
16. We are thirsty. Can you give ______ some juice?
17. Jack is in the garden. Bring ______ his football.
18. Ann and Paul can't do their homework. Can you help______ ?
Đáp án:
1 - him, 2 - us, 3 - them, 4 - me, 5 - her, 6 - me, 7 - them, 8 - us, 9 - you, 10 - her, 11 - them, 12 - me, 13 - him, 14 - you, 15 - them, 16 - us, 17 - him, 18 - them
Bài 6: Điền những đại từ nhân xưng thích hợp vào mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. Do you know _____? _____ is my brother.
2. Emilia is a great dancer. _____ has won many competitions.
3. Would _____ like to go to the movies with Rita?
4. Van Gogh drew beautiful pictures. One of _____ famous works is The Starry Night.
5. When the incident happened, Ram was present there. _____ was the sole witness of the event.
6. The dog gave birth to many puppies. Would _____ like to have one of _____?
7. Ross and Monica are siblings. _____ came to visit the museum.
8. This is Elizabeth. _____ is the class monitor.
9. The team won the match. _____ have performed surprisingly well.
10. My brother brought a new phone. But _____ doesn’t like _____ much.
11. Look at this picture. Isn’t _____ beautiful?
12. _____ all study in the same school.
13. I brought a ball today. _____ is _____.
14. Megha finished her homework quickly so that _____ could go and play outside.
15. Can you give _____ another scope? I will do better.
Đáp án:
1 - him/ He
2 - She
3 - You
4 - his
5 - He
6 - you/ them
7 - They
8 - She
9 - They
10 - he, it
11 - it
12 - We
13 - It/ mine
14 - she
15 - me
* Nguồn: New Round-up 1 by Virginia Ivans and Jenny Dooley
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